Battery chargers

ABSTRACT

Battery pack ( 10 ) may include rechargeable battery cells ( 12 ). Battery charger ( 20 ) may include power source circuit ( 100 ). Power source circuit ( 100 ) may be connected with an external power source and battery cells ( 12 ). The external power source may supply power to the power source circuit and then, the power source circuit may supply charging current to battery cells ( 12 ). Battery charger ( 20 ) may also include voltage detector ( 32, 33 ) for detecting the voltage input from the external power source to power source circuit ( 100 ). Battery charger ( 10 ) may further include processor ( 40 ) for controlling power source circuit ( 32 ). Processor ( 40 ) may determine the amount of charging current supplied to battery cells ( 12 ) based upon the external power source voltage detected by the voltage detector ( 32, 33 ).

CROSS REFERENCE

This application claims priority to Japanese patent application number2003-6354, filed Jan. 14, 2003, the contents of which are herebyincorporated by reference as if fully set forth herein.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of the Invention

The present invention relates to battery chargers for chargingrechargeable batteries.

2. Description of the Related Art

Japanese Laid-open Patent Publication No. 2000-23387 describes a batterycharger that suppresses the temperature increase of a power sourcecircuit in the battery charger. This known battery charger includes atemperature sensor for detecting the temperature of the power sourcecircuit and a switch electrically connecting and disconnecting thebattery with the power source circuit. When the temperature of the powersource circuit detected by the temperature sensor exceeds apredetermined value, the switch is turned OFF. As a result, the supplyof charging current to the battery from the power source circuit ishalted, thereby suppressing the temperature increase of the power sourcecircuit.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In the known battery charger, the temperature of the power sourcecircuit is detected by the temperature sensor. Consequently, thetemperature sensor must be installed at a suitable position (i.e., inthe vicinity of a component in the power source circuit that heatsreadily). However, due to the demands of miniaturizing the batterycharger and constraints on the configuration of the power sourcecircuit, there are limitations on where the temperature sensor can beinstalled. As a result, in those situations where the temperature sensormust be installed at a position removed from the readily heatedcomponent, the temperature of the power source circuit cannot bedetected accurately, and the switch cannot tripped when the batteryshould be disconnected from the power source circuit.

It is, accordingly, one object of the present teachings is to provideimproved battery chargers capable of reliably suppressing thetemperature increase of the power source circuit even if the temperaturesensor cannot be disposed in a suitable position.

In one aspect of the present teachings, a battery pack may include oneor more rechargeable battery cells (e.g., nickel metal hydride batterycells, nickel cadmium battery cells). The battery pack may be coupled toappliances (e.g., cordless power tools, cordless electric vacuumcleaner). When the battery pack is discharged, the battery pack may bepreferably detached from the appliance and coupled to a battery charger.The battery charger may have a power source circuit that is coupled toan external power source (e.g., alternating current) and the batterycells of the battery pack. The power source circuit may transformvoltage input from the external power source and supply charging currentto the battery cells. The battery charger may include a voltage detectorfor detecting the voltage input from the external power source into thepower source circuit. For example, the voltage detector may monitor thevoltage input to the power source circuit, and output signals from thepower source circuit in accordance with the input voltage. The batterycharger may further include a controller (e.g., processor,microprocessor or microcomputer). The controller may determine theamount of charging current supplied to the battery cells based at leastupon the input voltage (i.e., the external power source voltage)detected by the voltage detector. For example, by monitoring the voltageinput to the power source circuit, the controller may determine whetherthe temperature of the power source circuit has increased. That is, inthe case where the voltage input to the power source circuit from theexternal power source is low, the load on the power source circuit isgreater than in the case where the voltage input to the power sourcecircuit is high, and the temperature of the power source circuit tendsto increase. Thus, if the controller determines, from the voltagedetected by the voltage detector, an increase in the temperature of thepower source circuit, the controller may modify the charging currentsupplied to the battery cells. By this means, the temperature increaseof the power source circuit can be suppressed.

In another aspect of the present teachings, the battery charger mayfurther include a first temperature sensor for detecting the temperatureof the power source circuit. The controller may preferably determine thecharging current supplied to the battery cells based further upon powersource temperature from the first temperature sensor. Since the chargingcurrent is determined based upon the input voltage and the power sourcecircuit temperature, the controller can accurately determine whether thetemperature of the power source circuit has increased.

In another aspect of the present teachings, the battery pack may have asecond temperature sensor for detecting the temperature of the batterycells. The controller may preferably determine the charging currentsupplied to the battery cells based upon the input voltage detected bythe voltage detector and battery temperature detected by the secondtemperature sensor. For example, the controller preferably (1)determines a first charging current value based upon the input voltage,(2) determines a second charging current value based upon the batterytemperature from the second temperature sensor, and (3) selects thesmaller of the first and second charging current values as the chargingcurrent that will be supplied by the power source circuit to the batterycells. Since the charging current is determined based upon the inputvoltage and the battery temperature, the battery cells can be chargedefficiently while the both temperature increases of the power sourcecircuit and the battery cells can be reduced.

In another aspect of the present teachings, the power source circuit maycomprise a transformer and a switch electrically connecting anddisconnecting the external power source with the transformer.Preferably, the switch may be intermittently turned ON and OFF in orderto increase or decrease the current per unit time supplied by theexternal power source to the transformer. Also, the transformer maypreferably comprise a primary winding coupled to the external powersource circuit and a first secondary winding coupled to the batterycells. Thus, the external power source circuit and battery cells can bemutually isolated.

In another aspect of the present teachings, the transformer may furthercomprise a second secondary winding coupled to the voltage detector. Thevoltage detector may preferably detect the voltage of the secondsecondary winding. The controller may determine the input voltage basedupon the voltage of the second secondary winding detected by the voltagedetector. In this aspect, the voltage input from the external powersource to the power source circuit can be accurately measured at thesecondary winding side of the transformer.

These aspects and features may be utilized singularly or, incombination, in order to make improved battery charger. In addition,other objects, features and advantages of the present teachings will bereadily understood after reading the following detailed descriptiontogether with the accompanying drawings and claims. Of course, theadditional features and aspects disclosed herein also may be utilizedsingularly or, in combination with the above-described aspect andfeatures.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a block diagram schematically showing a representative circuitof a battery charger according to a representative embodiment of thepresent teachings.

FIG. 2 is a graph showing the relationship between power source voltageand voltage of condenser C23 of FIG. 1.

FIG. 3 is a flowchart showing process performed by a microcomputer ofthe battery charger of FIG. 1.

FIG. 4 is a flowchart showing process performed by the microcomputer ofthe battery charger.

FIG. 5 is an explanatory drawing showing the contents of a map fordetermining allowable current values.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

Detailed Representative Embodiment

A battery charger according to a representative embodiment of thepresent teachings will be explained with reference to the drawings. FIG.1 is a block diagram schematically showing a circuit for a batterycharger 20 and a battery pack 10. As shown in FIG. 1, when battery pack10 is connected with battery charger 20, connecting terminals C1, C2, C5of battery charger 20 make contact with connecting terminals C1′, C2′,C5′ respectively of battery pack 10, and electrical contact is therebyestablished between battery charger 20 and battery pack 10. Battery pack10 may include a plurality of nickel metal hydride batteries 12 (i.e.,nickel metal hydride battery cells) that are serially connected. Batterypack 10 may also include temperature sensor 14 for detecting thetemperature of batteries 12. Temperature sensor 14 may comprise athermister having an electrical resistance that varies in accordancewith variation in temperature. Batteries 12 and temperature sensor 14are disposed within a housing of battery pack 10. Connecting terminalsC1′, C2′, C5′ are disposed on a surface of the housing of battery pack10.

The charging circuit of battery charger 20 may include power sourcecircuit 100 and charging-current control circuit 200 for controllingpower source circuit 100. Power source circuit 100 can be connected withan external power source (e.g., an external commercial alternatingcurrent power source or an alternating current generator) via connectingterminals C3 and C4. Power source circuit 100 can also be connected withbatteries 12 via connecting terminals C1, C2 and C1′ and C2′. Theexternal power source supplies power to power source circuit 100. Powersource circuit 100 supplies charging current to batteries 12.

Power source circuit 100 may include switching transformer 26 which maycomprise primary winding 26 a, first secondary winding 26 b and secondsecondary winding 26 c. Primary winding 26 a of switching transformer 26may be connected with the external power source via rectifying circuit24, which may comprise a diode bridge, and smoothing circuit C10, whichmay be a condenser. The alternating current from the external powersource may be rectified by rectifying circuit 24 and, further, smoothedby smoothing circuit C10, thereby being transformed into a directcurrent. The transformed direct current may be supplied to one end ofprimary winding 26 a of switching transformer 26. Switch 28, which maybe a field effect transistor (FET), may be coupled to the other end ofprimary winding 26 a. Switch 28 may control the amount of current thatis supplied to primary winding 26 a.

First secondary winding 26 b of switching transformer 26 may beconnected with batteries 12 of battery pack 10 via rectifying circuit48, which may comprise diodes 48 a and 48 b, and a smoothing circuit,which may comprise condenser C20 and inductor L20. The alternatingcurrent from first secondary winding 26 b may be rectified by rectifyingcircuit 48 and smoothed by the smoothing circuit, thereby beingtransformed into a direct current. Temperature sensor 46 for detectingthe temperature of power source circuit 100 may preferably be disposedin the vicinity of rectifying circuit 48 of power source circuit 100.Temperature sensor 46 may include a thermister having an electricalresistance that varies in accordance with variation in temperature.Temperature sensor 46 may be connected in series with resistor 44. Thus,when the temperature of rectifying circuit 48 (i.e., diodes 48 a, 48 b)increases, the impedance of temperature sensor 46 decreases, and thevoltage divided by temperature sensor 46 and resistor 44 changes. Thedivided voltage may be input to microcomputer 40 of charging-currentcontrol circuit 200. Microcomputer 40 may detect the temperature ofrectifying circuit 48 on the basis of the voltage divided by temperaturesensor 46 and resistor 44.

As is clear from the above, the primary side and the secondary side ofswitching transformer 26 are mutually isolated. That is, connectingterminals C3 and C4, which can be connected with the external powersource, and connecting terminals C1 and C2, which can be connected withbattery pack 10, are mutually isolated. However, when the external powersource is connected with connecting terminals C3 and C4 of batterycharger 20 and battery pack 10 is connected with connecting terminals C1and C2 of battery charger 20, a charging current is supplied tobatteries 12.

Second secondary winding 26 c of switching transformer 26 may be coupledto auxiliary power source circuit 34 via diode D21 and condenser C23.Diode D21 and condenser C23 may rectify and smooth the alternatingvoltage from second secondary winding 26 c. Both ends of condenser C23may be coupled to auxiliary power source circuit 34. Auxiliary powersource circuit 34 may supply power to microcomputer 40.

The voltage that is output from first secondary winding 26 b is affectedby the battery voltage of batteries 12. However, the voltage of bothends of condenser C23 (i.e., the voltage output from second secondarywinding 26 c) is not greatly affected by the battery voltage ofbatteries 12. The voltage of the condenser C23 has a linear relationshipwith the voltage of primary side of switching transformer 26 (i.e., thevoltage of the external power source). FIG. 2 shows the relationshipbetween the voltage of the external power source, which is connectedwith battery charger 20, and the voltage of both ends of condenser C23.Further, since battery charger 20 has a fan (not shown in FIG. 1) forcooling power source circuit 100, both the observed results from whenthe fan is rotating and the observed results from when the fan is haltedare shown in FIG. 2. As shown in FIG. 2, irrespective of whether the fanis rotating or not, the voltage of condenser C23 has a linearrelationship with the voltage of the external power source.Consequently, the voltage of the external power source can be detectedby detecting the voltage of condenser C23. In the present representativeembodiment, the voltage of the external power source, which is connectedwith battery charger 20, is detected by detecting the voltage ofcondenser C23. For example, as shown in FIG. 1, resistors 32 and 33 maybe connected in parallel with condenser C23, and resistors 32 and 33 maydivide the voltage of condenser C23. The voltage divided by resistors 32and 33 may be input to microcomputer 40. Microcomputer 40 may detect thevoltage of the external power source on the basis of the divided voltageof condenser C23.

Charging-current control circuit 200 may comprise microcomputer 40,current control portion 42, opto-coupler 30, PWM (pulse widthmodulation) control circuit 31, and a resistor R20. Microcomputer 40 mayinclude, e.g., CPU, ROM, RAM and I/O (interface). Microcomputer 40 maybe connected with temperature sensor 14 of battery pack 10 viaconnecting terminals C5 and C5′. Thus, the signals from temperaturesensor 14 of battery pack 10 may be input to microcomputer 40.Microcomputer 40 detects the temperature of batteries 12 based on thesignals input thereto from temperature sensor 14.

Utilizing the temperature of rectifying circuit 48 (hereafter referredto as diode temperature), and the voltage of the external power source(hereafter referred to as input power source voltage), microcomputer 40may retrieve a map, which may be stored in ROM of microcomputer 40, anddetermine an allowable charging-current value that permits chargingwhile suppressing an increase in the temperature of power source circuit100. The allowable charging-current value, which is determined bymicrocomputer 40, may be selected among a plurality of predeterminedcharging-current values Ii (e.g., i=1 . . . m). Further, utilizing thetemperature of batteries 12, microcomputer 40 may determine an outputcharging-current value that permits charging while suppressing anincrease in the temperature of batteries 12. The output charging-currentvalue, which is determined by microcomputer 40, may be selected among aplurality of predetermined charging-current values Ii (e.g., i=0 . . .n. Here, n=m or n>m). Then, microcomputer 40 may select the smaller ofthe allowable charging-current value and the output charging-currentvalue, and output the selected charging-current value, which serves as acurrent instruction value, to current control portion 42. Methods fordetermining the output charging-current values based upon the batterytemperature are known (e.g., Japanese Laid-open Patent Publication Nos.6-121467, 11-252814, 2000-277166, 2001-245438) and thus, a detailedexplanation will be omitted.

The configuration of the aforementioned map used for determining theallowable charging-current value will now be explained with reference toFIG. 5. As shown in FIG. 5, the map defines the variable chargingcurrent wherein the diode temperature is indicated along the horizontaldirection of the map while the input power source voltage is indicatedalong the vertical direction. The allowable charging-current values thatpermit charging while suppressing the increase in temperature of thetemperature of power source circuit 100 are then found in the Tableshown in FIG. 5. Specifically, if the input power source voltage is low(e.g., V1), then, irrespective of the diode temperature, the allowablecharging-current value (i.e., I1) is applied (lower side of the map). Ifthe input power source voltage is high (e.g., V2) and the diodetemperature is low (e.g., T1), relatively high allowablecharging-current value (e.g., Im) is applied (found in the upper leftside of the map).

That is, if the charging current is high when the input power sourcevoltage is low, the large amount of current is supplied to the primaryside of switching transformer 26, and there is a greater increase in thetemperature of switch 28 (i.e., the temperature of the primary side ofswitching transformer 26) than in the diode temperature (i.e., thesecondary side of switching transformer 26). By applying the lowcharging current irrespective of the diode temperature, switch 28 isprotected. On the other hand, when the input power source voltage ishigh, the temperatures of the primary side and the secondary side ofswitching transformer 26 have an approximately proportionalrelationship, and consequently the charging current is applied inaccordance with the temperature of the secondary side of switchingtransformer 26 (i.e., the diode temperature). By applying the chargingcurrent in this manner, the temperature of the primary side of switchingtransformer 26 is prevented from becoming higher than the temperature ofthe secondary side of switching transformer 26, thereby preventingdamage to the primary side of switching transformer 26.

Current control portion 42 may be coupled to microcomputer 40. Currentcontrol portion 42 may detect the value of the charging current suppliedto batteries 12 from power source circuit 100, and output controlsignals to opto-coupler 30 so that the current value becomes theselected charging-current value output from microcomputer 40.

Opto-coupler 30 may be coupled to PWM control circuit 31, and outputsignals to PWM control circuit 31 while isolating the signals fromcurrent control portion 42. That is, the primary side and the secondaryside of switching transformer 26 are isolated, opto-coupler 30maintaining the isolation between the primary side and the secondaryside while performing the function of transmitting information from thesecondary side of switching transformer 26 to the primary side.

PWM control circuit 31 may be coupled to switch 28, and output PWMsignals to switch 28 in order to control the duty ratio of switch 28 inresponse to the signals output from opto-coupler 30. Switch 28 may beswitched ON or OFF by means of PWM control circuit 31, the currentconsequently flowing intermittently to primary winding 26 a, wherebyalternating voltage may be created in a secondary side (i.e., secondarywindings 26 b and 26 c) of switching transformer 26.

The representative operation of battery charger 20 will now be explainedwith reference to FIGS. 3 and 4. FIGS. 3 and 4 show flowcharts of theprocesses performed by microcomputer 40 when battery pack 10 is attachedto battery charger 20. As shown in FIG. 3, microcomputer 40 firstmeasures the voltage of the condenser C23 in the case where the chargingcurrent to batteries 12 is equal to the current value I0 and the fan isin a stopped state (step S10). In the following process, the voltagemeasured in step S10 is used as a reference voltage Vref. Then,microcomputer 40 calculates a correction value Vci (i=1), which is thedifference between the reference voltage Vref and the voltage measuredin Step S10, and stores the correction value Vci (i=1). Since thevoltage measured in step S10 is the reference voltage Vref, thecorrection value Vc1 is equal to 0. Next, microcomputer 40 measures thevoltage of the condenser C23 (hereafter referred to as input voltage V2)in the case where the charging current to batteries 12 is equal to thecurrent value I0 and the fan is in an operating state (step S12). Then,microcomputer 40 calculates a correction value Vc2 (=Vref−V2), and thecorrection value Vc2 is stored.

In the same manner, for each of the charging-current values Ii (i=1, . .. , n), microcomputer 40 measures an input voltage V (2i+1) when the fanis not rotating, and stores a correction value Vc (2i+1). Also, for eachof the charging-current values Ii (i=1, . . . , n), microcomputer 40measures an input voltage V (2 i+2) when the fan is rotating, and storesa correction value Vc (2i+2) (steps S14 to S16). By means of the processof the steps S10 to S16, the correction values Vci of each type ofstatus (i.e., the rotation or non-rotation of the fan, thecharging-current values Ii) are stored. By this means, the voltage ofthe condenser C23 that is detected during charging is corrected ascorrection values Vci, allowing the voltage of the external power sourceto be retrieved accurately.

When the process proceeds to step S18, microcomputer 40 enables supplyof charging current to batteries 12 of battery pack 10 (step S18). Thecharging current supplied to batteries 12 when charging begins is equalto the current value I0. Then the initial current value I0 is correctedin accordance with the diode temperature T and the external power sourcevoltage.

Next, microcomputer 40 determines the output charging-current value Ioutbased upon the battery temperature (S20). That is, microcomputer 40detects the battery temperature based upon the signals from temperaturesensor 14 of battery pack 10, and determines the output charging-currentvalue Iout on the basis of the detected battery temperature. Next,microcomputer 40 detects the voltage of condenser C23 (step S22). Then,microcomputer 40 determines the input power source voltage V based uponthe voltage Vc measured at step S22 and the correction value Vci whichare determined from the current status of the fan and the actual currentvalue detected by current control portion 42 (step S24). For example,when the fan is stopped and the current value of the detected chargingcurrent is I0, the correction value Vc1 is used for determining theinput power source voltage V.

After microcomputer 40 determines the input power source voltage V, theprocess proceeds to step S26 shown in FIG. 4. In step S26, microcomputer40 determines whether the input power source voltage V is larger than apredetermined threshold value V1 (i.e., the value specified in the map,see FIG. 5). If the input power source voltage V is less than thethreshold value V1 (“NO” in step S26), microcomputer 40 selects I1 asthe allowable charging-current value Imax (step S28), and the processproceeds to step S48. Alternatively, when the input power source voltageV exceeds the threshold value V1 (“YES” in step S26), microcomputer 40further determines whether the input power source voltage V exceeds apredetermined threshold value V2 (i.e., the value specified in the map,see FIG. 5) (step S30).

If the input power source voltage V is less than the threshold value V2(“NO” in step S30), microcomputer 40 determines whether the diodetemperature T, which is detected by temperature sensor 46, is less thana predetermined threshold value T1 (i.e., the value specified in themap, see FIG. 5) (step S32). When the diode temperature T is less thanthe threshold value T1 (“YES” in step S32), microcomputer 40 selects Imas the allowable charging-current value Imax (step S36), and the processproceeds to step S48. If the diode temperature T is greater than thethreshold value T1 (“NO” in step S32), microcomputer 40 furtherdetermines whether the diode temperature T is less than a predeterminedthreshold value T2 (i.e., the value specified in the map, see FIG. 5)(step S34). If the diode temperature T is greater than the thresholdvalue T2 (“NO” in step S34: “NO”), microcomputer 40 selects I2 as theallowable charging-current value Imax (step S40). If the diodetemperature T is less than the threshold value T2 (“YES” in step S34),microcomputer 40 selects I3 as the allowable charging-current value Imax(step S38).

Further, in the case where the step S30 is “YES” (i.e., the case wherethe input power source voltage V exceeds the threshold value V2), theprocess proceeds to step S42. In step S42, microcomputer 40 determineswhether the diode temperature T is less than the threshold value T2. Ifthe diode temperature T is greater than the threshold value T2 (“NO” instep S42), microcomputer 40 selects I3 as the allowable charging-currentvalue Imax (step S46). When the diode temperature T is less than thethreshold value T2 (“YES” in step S34), microcomputer 40 selects Im asthe allowable charging-current value Imax (step S44).

After the allowable charging-current value has been determined by meansof the processes in steps S26 to S46, microcomputer 40 determineswhether the allowable charging-current value Imax exceeds the outputcharging-current value Iout that has been determined in step S20 (stepS48). If the allowable charging-current value Imax exceeds the outputcharging-current value Iout (“YES” in step S48), microcomputer 40outputs the output charging-current value Iout, which serves as acurrent instruction value, to current control portion 42 (step S50). Onthe other hand, when the allowable charging-current value Imax is lessthan the output charging-current value Iout (“NO” in step S48),microcomputer 40 outputs the allowable charging-current value Imax,which serves as a current instruction value, to current control portion42 (step S52). On the basis of the charging-current value output frommicrocomputer 40 at step S52, current control portion 42 outputs signalsto Opto-coupler 30. PWM control circuit 31 outputs PWM signals to switch28 based upon the signals from opto-coupler 30. By this means, a desiredcharging current is supplied to batteries 12 of battery pack 10.

Proceeding to step S54, microcomputer 40 determines whether batteries 12of battery pack 10 is fully charged. Methods for determining whetherbatteries 12 are fully charged are known (e.g., the dT/dt method) andthus, a detailed explanation will be omitted. If batteries 12 is fullycharged (“YES” in step S54), microcomputer 40 stops the supply ofcharging current to batteries 12. Alternatively, when batteries 12 isnot fully charged (“NO” in step S54), the process returns to step S18(shown in FIG. 3), and the processes from step S18 onwards are repeated.

As is clear from the above, in the above illustrated representativeembodiment, when the voltage from the external power source that isinput to power source circuit 100 is low, the allowable charging-currentvalue, which is a maximum charging current that can be supplied tobatteries 12, is set to be low. As a result, heating of the elements ofpower source circuit 100 can be suppressed. Furthermore, by this means,the capacity of switch 28 and diodes 48 a, 48 b can be low, therebyallowing the cost of battery charger 20 to be low.

Moreover, in the present representative embodiment, the explanation wasgiven using, as an example, the process for charging a nickel metalhydride battery. However, the battery charger and charging method of thepresent teachings can also be applied to the charging of otherrechargeable batteries (e.g., nickel cadmium batteries).

Finally, although the preferred representative embodiment has beendescribed in detail, the present embodiment is for illustrative purposeonly and not restrictive. It is to be understood that various changesand modifications may be made without departing from the spirit or scopeof the appended claims. In addition, the additional features and aspectsdisclosed herein also may be utilized singularly or in combination withthe above aspects and features.

1. A battery charger adapted to supply current to a removable batterypack comprising battery cells and a charging terminal, comprising: afirst terminal for coupling to an external power source; a secondterminal for coupling to the charging terminal of the battery pack; apower source circuit coupled to the first terminal and the secondterminal, the power source circuit transforming voltage input from theexternal power source, and supplying charging current to the batterycells; a voltage detector detecting the voltage input from the externalpower source to the power source circuit; a processor coupled to thevoltage detector and the power source circuit, the processor determiningthe amount of charging current supplied to the second terminal based atleast upon the external power source voltage detected by the voltagedetectors; a first temperature sensor coupled to the power sourcecircuit, wherein the processor determines the charging current suppliedto the second terminal based further upon power source circuittemperature sensed by the first temperature sensor; a second temperaturesensor coupled to the battery cells, wherein the processor is coupled tothe second temperature sensor, the processor determining the chargingcurrent supplied to the second terminal based further upon batterytemperature sensed by the second temperature sensor; the processor (1)determines a first charging current value based upon the external powersource voltage and the power source circuit temperature, (2) determinesa second charging current value based upon the battery temperaturesensed by the second temperature sensor, and (3) selects the smaller ofthe first and second charging current values as the charging currentthat will be supplied by the power source circuit to the battery cells;wherein the power source circuit includes a transformer which comprisesa primary winding coupled to the first terminal, a first secondarywinding coupled to the second terminal and a second secondary windingcoupled to the voltage detector, and wherein the processor determinesthe external power source voltage based upon the voltage of the secondsecondary winding detected by the voltage detector.
 2. A battery chargeras in claim 1, wherein the power source circuit further comprises aswitch electrically connecting and disconnecting the first terminal withthe transformer, wherein the switch is intermittently turned ON and OFFin order to increase or decrease current per unit time supplied by theexternal power source to the transformer.
 3. A battery charger as inclaim 2, further comprising a switching circuit that repeatedly switchesthe switch between an ON-state and an OFF-state in order to supply thecharging current, which is determined by the processor, to the batterycells.
 4. An apparatus comprising: a battery pack comprising batterycells; a battery charger comprising a power source circuit thattransforms voltage input from an external power source and supplycharging current to the battery cells, means for detecting the voltageinput from the external power source to the power source circuit, and aprocessor that determines the amount of charging current supplied to thebattery cells based at least upon the external power source voltagedetected by the detecting means; a first temperature sensor coupled tothe power source circuit, wherein the processor determines the chargingcurrent supplied to the battery cells based further upon power sourcetemperature sensed by the first temperature sensor; and a secondtemperature sensor coupled to the battery cells, wherein the processordetermines the charging current supplied to the battery cells basedfurther upon battery temperature sensed by the second temperaturesensor; wherein the processor further (1) determines a first chargingcurrent value based upon the external power source voltage and the powersource circuit temperature, (2) determines a second charging currentvalue based upon the battery temperature sensed by the secondtemperature sensor, and (3) selects the smaller of the first and secondcharging current values as the charging current that will be supplied bythe power source circuit to the battery cells, wherein the power sourcecircuit includes a transformer which comprises a primary winding coupledto the first terminal, a first secondary winding coupled to the secondterminal and a second secondary winding coupled to the voltage detector,and wherein the processor determines the external power source voltagebased upon the voltage of the second secondary winding detected by thevoltage detector.
 5. A battery charger adapted to supply current to aremovable battery pack comprising battery cells and a charging terminal,comprising: a first terminal for coupling to an external power source, asecond terminal for coupling to the charging terminal of the batterypack, a power source circuit coupled to the first terminal and thesecond terminal, the power source circuit transforming voltage inputfrom the external power source, and supplying charging current to thebattery cells, a voltage detector detecting the voltage input from theexternal power source to the power source circuit, a processor coupledto the voltage detector and the power source circuit, the processordetermining the amount of charging current supplied to the secondterminal based at least upon the external power source voltage detectedby the voltage detector; a first temperature sensor coupled to the powersource circuit, wherein the processor determines the charging currentsupplied to the second terminal based further upon power source circuittemperature sensed by the first temperature sensor; and a secondtemperature sensor coupled to the battery cells, wherein the processoris coupled to the second temperature sensor, the processor determiningthe charging current supplied to the second terminal based further uponbattery temperature sensed by the second temperature sensor; wherein theprocessor (1) determines a first charging current value based upon theexternal power source voltage and the power source circuit temperature,(2) determines a second charging current value based upon the batterytemperature sensed by the second temperature sensor, and (3) selects thesmaller of the first and second charging current values as the chargingcurrent that will be supplied by the power source circuit to the batterycells.
 6. An apparatus comprising: a battery pack comprising batterycells; a battery charger comprising a power source circuit thattransforms voltage input from an external power source and supplycharging current to the battery cells, means for detecting the voltageinput from the external power source to the power source circuit, and aprocessor that determines the amount of charging current supplied to thebattery cells based at least upon the external power source voltagedetected by the detecting means; a first temperature sensor coupled tothe power source circuit, wherein the processor determines the chargingcurrent supplied to the battery cells based further upon power sourcetemperature sensed by the first temperature sensor; and a secondtemperature sensor coupled to the battery cells, wherein the processordetermines the charging current supplied to the battery cells basedfurther upon battery temperature sensed by the second temperaturesensor; wherein the processor further (1) determines a first chargingcurrent value based upon the external power source voltage and the powersource circuit temperature, (2) determines a second charging currentvalue based upon the battery temperature sensed by the secondtemperature sensor, and (3) selects the smaller of the first and secondcharging current values as the charging current that will be supplied bythe power source circuit to the battery cells.